5          superantigen                                

Andersson J, Skansen-Saphir U, Sparrelid E, Andersson U. (1996)  Intravenous immune globulin affects cytokine production in T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages.  abstract Clin Exp Immunol 104 Suppl 1:10-20 

Blank C, Luz A, Bendigs S,Erdmann A, Wagner H, Heeg K (1997) abstract  Superantigen and endotoxin synergize in the induction of lethal shock. Eur J Immunol 27(4):825-33

Bowness P, Moss PA, Tranter H, Bell JI, McMichael AJ (1992)  Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin is a superantigen reactive with human T cell receptors V beta 6.9 and V beta 22.  abstract J Exp Med 1;176(3):893-6  

Calandra T, Spiegel LA, Metz CN, Bucala R (1998)  Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a critical mediator of the activation of immune cells by exotoxins of Gram-positive bacteria. abstract  full text  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 15;95(19):11383-8 

Krakauer T (1999)  Immune response to staphylococcal superantigens. abstract  Immunol Res 1999;20(2):163-73 

Krakauer T, Fleischer B, Stevens DL, McClane BA, Stiles BG  (1997) Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin lacks superantigenic activity but induces an interleukin-6 response from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. abstract  Infect Immun 65(8):3485-8 

Li H, Llera A, Malchiodi EL, Mariuzza RA (1999) The structural basis of T cell activation by superantigens. abstract  Annu Rev Immunol 17:435-66 

Nagata K, Okamura H, Kunitoh D, Uemura T (1997)  Erratum in: J Vet Med Sci 1997 Feb;59(2):following 142 Mitogenic activity of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in human peripheral lymphocytes. abstract  J Vet Med Sci 59(1):5-8 

Norrby-Teglund A, Kaul R, Low DE, McGeer A, Andersson J, Andersson U, Kotb M  (1996) Evidence for the presence of streptococcal-superantigen-neutralizing antibodies in normal polyspecific immunoglobulin G.  abstract   Infect Immun 64(12):5395-8 

Norrby-Teglund A, Chatellier S,  Low DE, McGeer A,Green K, Malak Kotb M (2000) Host variation in   
cytokine responses to superantigens determine the severity of invasive group A streptococcal infection.    abstract  Eurpean journal of Immunology 30, 11: 3247-3255    
 
Norrby-Teglund A, Ihendyane N, Kansal R, Basma H, Kotb M, Andersson J, Hammarstrom (2000) Relative neutralizing activity in polyspecific IgM, IgA, and IgG preparations against group A streptococcal superantigens abstract L  Clin Infect Dis 31(5):1175-82   

Norrby-Teglund A, Basma H, Andersson J, McGeer A, Low DE, Kotb M  (1998) Varying titers of neutralizing antibodies to streptococcal superantigens in different preparations of normal polyspecific immunoglobulin G: implications for therapeutic efficacy.  abstract  Clin Infect Dis 26(3):631-8   

Miethke T, Wahl C, Heeg K, Wagner H (1995) Superantigens: the paradox of T-cell activation versus inactivation.   abstract Int Arch Allergy Immunol 106(1):3-7  

Reda KB, Kapur V, Mollick JA, Lamphear JG, Musser JM, Rich RR (1994)  Molecular characterization and phylogenetic distribution of the streptococcal superantigen gene (ssa) from Streptococcus pyogenes. abstract Infect Immun 62(5):1867-74  

Tsytsykova AV, Goldfeld AE   J Exp Med 2000 Aug 21;192(4):581-586 abstract Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells Transcription Factor NFATp Controls Superantigen-induced Lethal Shock.

Weber AK, Wahn U, Renz H (2000)  Superantigen-induced T cell death by apoptosis: analysis on a single cell level and effect of IFN-gamma and IL-4 treatment. abstract  Int Arch Allergy Immunol 121(3):215-23